Dusky Hummingbird
Phaeoptila sordida
Order: Apodiformes / Family: Trochilidae
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About the Dusky Hummingbird
The Dusky Hummingbird, scientifically known as Phaeoptila sordida, thrives in the arid regions of Central America, particularly in Mexico. Despite its less vibrant plumage compared to other hummingbirds, it plays a crucial role in pollination within its ecosystem. These birds are primarily found in thorn forests and scrublands, where they act as both pollinators and insect predators. The Dusky Hummingbird has adapted well to the dry and often harsh environments typical of its native range. During the breeding season, which occurs from March to August, these birds become more active and territorial. They exhibit a remarkable ability to hover in place, a skill crucial for feeding on nectar from flowers and catching small insects mid-flight. This adaptability ensures their survival in various habitats, from semi-arid areas to more tropical locales during wetter seasons. The ecological role of the Dusky Hummingbird extends beyond pollination, as they also help control insect populations by feeding on small arthropods. Their presence in a habitat can indicate a healthy ecosystem, capable of supporting diverse plant and animal life. The Dusky Hummingbird's reliance on specific flowering plants for nectar also highlights the interconnectedness of species within these ecosystems. As pollinators, they contribute to the reproduction of many native plant species, ensuring the continuity of floral biodiversity in their habitats.
The Dusky Hummingbird belongs to the family Trochilidae, within the order Apodiformes. These birds typically live average 4 years, with some individuals reaching 7 years..
How to Identify a Dusky Hummingbird
Adult Dusky Hummingbirds have predominantly gray-brown plumage with subtle green iridescence on their backs. Males and females are similar in appearance, though females may exhibit slightly duller colors. Juvenile birds resemble adults but with more pronounced buff edges on their feathers. The bird's small size, typically measuring 9-10 cm in length, can lead to confusion with other hummingbird species, such as the Berylline Hummingbird. However, the Dusky Hummingbird lacks the vibrant coloration of these counterparts. In flight, the Dusky Hummingbird exhibits rapid wingbeats, creating a blur of motion almost impossible to track with the naked eye. When perched, it maintains an upright posture, often seen resting on thin branches or twigs. Their call, a series of short, buzzy notes, can also aid in distinguishing them from similar species.
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Dusky Hummingbird Habitat and Range
Preferred Habitat
The Dusky Hummingbird inhabits arid and semi-arid regions, often found in thorn forests, scrublands, and areas with scattered cacti. They are typically seen at elevations ranging from 500 to 2,500 meters. While they prefer rural and less disturbed environments, they can occasionally be spotted in urban areas where suitable flowering plants are present. Seasonal shifts in habitat are minimal, although they may move to slightly wetter regions during the rainy season.
Geographic Range
The Dusky Hummingbird's range is largely restricted to Mexico, particularly in the states of Sonora, Chihuahua, and down to Oaxaca. They are non-migratory, residing year-round within their range. These birds are most densely populated in regions with abundant flowering plants, such as the thorn forests of Sonora. While they do not undertake long migrations, they may exhibit local movements in response to food availability or climatic conditions.
Want to know which birds visit your area? Browse our backyard birds by location guides for region-specific species lists.
What Does the Dusky Hummingbird Eat?
Dusky Hummingbirds primarily feed on nectar from a variety of flowering plants, favoring those with tubular flowers. Their diet includes species such as Agave and various cacti, especially during dry seasons when other flowers are scarce. In addition to nectar, they consume small insects and spiders, providing essential protein. Foraging typically occurs during the cooler parts of the day, such as early morning and late afternoon, when flowers are most fragrant and insects are active.
Want to attract Dusky Hummingbirds to your yard? See our recommended feeders and seed types for the best results.
Dusky Hummingbird Behavior and Social Structure
Dusky Hummingbirds are generally solitary birds, exhibiting strong territorial behavior during the breeding season. Males perform aerial displays to ward off intruders and attract females. These displays, involving rapid dives and loops, showcase their agility. Outside the breeding season, they may tolerate other hummingbirds in their territory, especially at abundant food sources. They are active throughout the day, with peak activity in the morning and late afternoon. In response to predators, such as hawks, they employ erratic flight patterns to evade capture.
Dusky Hummingbird Nesting and Reproduction
The Dusky Hummingbird constructs small, cup-shaped nests using plant down, spider silk, and lichen. These nests are often located on thin branches or in cactus crevices, providing camouflage and protection. The typical clutch consists of two white eggs. Incubation lasts about 15-18 days, performed solely by the female. After hatching, the chicks remain in the nest for 20-26 days before fledging. Typically, the Dusky Hummingbird raises one to two broods per year, depending on food availability and environmental conditions.
Dusky Hummingbird Sounds and Vocalizations
The primary song of the Dusky Hummingbird consists of a series of high-pitched, buzzy notes that rise and fall in pitch. These calls serve both as territorial markers and mating signals. Alarm calls are sharper and more urgent, used to alert other birds of potential danger. During the dawn chorus, their calls become more frequent and varied, blending with those of other birds to create a vibrant soundscape.
Interesting Facts About the Dusky Hummingbird
- 1The Dusky Hummingbird can hover in place by beating its wings up to 80 times per second.
- 2Despite their small size, Dusky Hummingbirds travel hundreds of kilometers in search of food.
- 3Their heart rate can exceed 1,200 beats per minute during high-energy activities like feeding.
- 4Dusky Hummingbirds consume half their body weight in nectar daily to sustain their energy levels.
- 5Unlike many other species, Dusky Hummingbirds do not migrate but may move locally for resources.
- 6Their specialized tongues can extend far beyond the bill, allowing efficient nectar extraction.
- 7Dusky Hummingbirds can enter a state of torpor at night to conserve energy when temperatures drop.
Dusky Hummingbird Conservation Status
The Dusky Hummingbird currently holds a status of Least Concern according to the IUCN. However, habitat loss due to land conversion for agriculture poses a threat. While their population is stable, continued deforestation and habitat degradation could impact their numbers. Conservation efforts focus on preserving native habitats and promoting sustainable land-use practices. Historically, these birds have adapted to changing environments, but ongoing monitoring is essential to ensure their continued survival.
Attracting Dusky Hummingbirds to Your Feeder
The Dusky Hummingbird is a regular visitor to backyard bird feeders across its range. At the Eye On The Fly feeding station, we observe Dusky Hummingbirds regularly and capture footage with our feeder cameras.
